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Removal of trace gases can both increase and decrease cloud droplet formation.

Elavarasi Ravichandran1,2, Sanghee Han3, Abigail S Williams3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.

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|January 14, 2026
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Drying aerosol particles for measurement can remove volatile organic compounds, altering cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity by up to 50%. This study reveals a strong link between gas and particle phases affecting CCN properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Aerosol Science
  • Cloud Physics

Background:

  • Aerosol measurements often involve drying, which may remove semivolatile compounds.
  • The impact of gas-phase compounds on aerosol physicochemical properties is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effect of removing volatile organic compounds on aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity.
  • To investigate the coupling between gas-phase composition and particle properties.

Main Methods:

  • Size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements were performed.
  • Measurements were conducted with and without a denuder to remove specific gas-phase compounds (alkanes, short-chain acids, aldehydes, alcohols).
  • Hygroscopicity parameter was quantified under varying conditions.

Main Results:

  • Removing volatile organic compounds altered the CCN-derived hygroscopicity parameter by up to 50%.
  • The direction of change in CCN activity (more or less active) depended on relative humidity and trace gas concentration.
  • The observed effects were strongest in late spring and summer.

Conclusions:

  • Gas-phase composition significantly influences aerosol CCN activity, contrary to assumptions in some measurement techniques.
  • Volatilization and surface adsorption of organic compounds create a strong coupling between the gas and particle phases.
  • Standard drying methods in aerosol characterization may require re-evaluation to account for volatile organic compound loss.