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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Perception often fills in missing sensory information, a process humans are typically unaware of.
  • High confidence is reported for inferred information in proximal gaps (sensory system-induced), but this is not well-studied for distal gaps (stimulus-induced).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether overconfidence in perceptual completion extends to visual information with distal gaps.
  • To compare confidence levels for completed visual information (amodal and modal completion) versus intact or gapped stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using perceptual (type 1) and confidence (type 2) tasks.
  • Stimuli included intact (full), gapped (partial cutout), partially occluded (amodal completion), and induced (modal completion) visual information.
  • Participants judged stimuli and reported their confidence in their judgments.

Main Results:

  • Participants reported the highest confidence for full (intact) stimuli.
  • Confidence for amodal and modal completion was comparable to that of stimuli with visible gaps.
  • Low confidence was observed for stimuli where distal gaps were perceptually filled in.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptual completion of visual information in distal gaps does not lead to overconfidence.
  • The visibility of information gaps appears to be a key factor influencing confidence judgments in perception.
  • Findings contrast with observations for proximal gaps, highlighting differences in how the brain handles internal versus external information deficits.