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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

193
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
193
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

254
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
254
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

246
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
246
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

212
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
212
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

255
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
255
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

154
It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
154

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Update on pharmacogenetics in pediatrics.

Irene Taladriz-Sender1, Sara Salvador-Martín1, Paula Zapata-Cobo1

  • 1Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM). Madrid, Spain.

Anales De Pediatria
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharmacogenetics implementation in Spain is growing, but limited in children. This review analyzes available pediatric pharmacogenetic data, highlighting key drug-gene pairs for safer prescribing in children.

Keywords:
FarmacogenéticaFarmacogenómicaMedicina de precisiónPediatricsPediatríaPharmacogeneticsPharmacogenomicsPrecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Clinical Genetics

Background:

  • Pharmacogenetics implementation in Spain has accelerated due to national health system updates and guideline development.
  • Current pharmacogenetic guidelines and data predominantly exclude the pediatric population, limiting clinical application.
  • This gap necessitates a focused review of pediatric pharmacogenetic considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pharmacogenetic tests within Spain's Common Portfolio of Genetic Services.
  • To analyze drug-gene information from national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and global/national guidelines.
  • To extract and evaluate existing pharmacogenetic data specifically for pediatric use.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of the Common Portfolio of Genetic Services.
  • Analysis of Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for pharmacogenetic recommendations.
  • Extraction and synthesis of information from major global and national pharmacogenetic guidelines pertaining to pediatrics.

Main Results:

  • Identified key drug-gene pairs with significant pediatric application, including PPIs/CYP2C19, Abacavir/HLA, Voriconazole/CYP2C19, Tacrolimus/CYP3A5, Aminoglycosides/MT-RNR1, Thiopurines/TMPT/NUDT15, and Atomoxetine/CYP2D6.
  • Highlighted limitations in current guidelines regarding specific pediatric recommendations.
  • Confirmed the need for targeted pharmacogenetic information for pediatric populations.

Conclusions:

  • Despite current limitations, pharmacogenetics can be implemented in pediatric care where recommended by regulatory agencies and scientific societies.
  • Further research and guideline development are crucial to expand pharmacogenetic use in children.
  • This review provides a foundation for integrating pharmacogenetics into pediatric practice in Spain.