Geospatial analysis of human-elephant conflict zones in the Jeli District: implications for mitigation and land-use...

Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a growing challenge in the Jeli District, largely driven by habitat fragmentation due to agricultural expansion, human settlements, and changing land use patterns. As elephants are pushed out of their natural habitats, they increasingly come into contact with human populations, especially in agricultural areas such as oil palm plantations. These encounters often result in crop damage, economic losses, and safety concerns for local communities. The conflict is intensified by the loss of continuous forest cover and the limited availability of safe, natural movement routes for elephants. This study examines the spatial patterns and drivers of HEC in Jeli using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, including distribution mapping and hotspot analysis, to identify areas with high conflict intensity. The findings highlight critical zones where human and elephant activities overlap, providing essential insights for land-use planning, conflict mitigation strategies, and the development of long-term coexistence solutions between rural communities and wildlife.