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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Updated Protocol for the Assembly and Use of the Minibioreactor Array (MBRA)

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The mRNA-Based Innovative Strategy: Progress and Challenges.

Huayuan Zhou¹, Dali Wei¹, Zhejie Chen¹

¹Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|January 14, 2026

Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics offer promising applications from vaccines to gene editing. Optimizing mRNA structure and delivery is crucial for overcoming challenges like instability and improving therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords:

mRNA delivery system mRNA structure optimization mRNA therapeutics

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Therapeutic Development

Background:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a key molecule for protein synthesis with significant therapeutic potential.
mRNA therapeutics have shown efficacy in diverse applications, including vaccines and protein replacement therapies.
Challenges such as mRNA instability and delivery hinder in vivo applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in mRNA structure optimization for therapeutic applications.
To highlight effective strategies for mRNA delivery systems.
To provide a comprehensive overview of current and potential mRNA therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Focus on rational design principles for mRNA structure.
Analysis of various in vivo delivery systems for mRNA.
Review of existing literature on mRNA therapeutic applications and challenges.

Main Results:

Optimized mRNA structure is essential for therapeutic utility.
Effective delivery systems are critical for successful in vivo mRNA applications.
Significant progress has been made in mRNA-based vaccines and therapies.

Conclusions:

Continued research in mRNA design and delivery is vital for advancing therapeutic development.
Addressing challenges in stability, immunogenicity, and delivery efficiency is key to unlocking the full potential of mRNA therapeutics.
mRNA technology holds promise for a wide range of future medical treatments.