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  1. Home
  3. Filter, Flip, And Fabricate: A Wax-assisted Stamp-transfer Approach For Flexible Ti3c2tx Mxene Electrochemical Transducers.
  1. Home
  3. Filter, Flip, And Fabricate: A Wax-assisted Stamp-transfer Approach For Flexible Ti3c2tx Mxene Electrochemical Transducers.

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Filter, Flip, and Fabricate: A Wax-Assisted Stamp-Transfer Approach for Flexible Ti3C2Tx MXene Electrochemical

Zaheer Ud Din Babar1,2,3, Andy Bruno1,4, Gabriel Maroli1

  • 1Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 15, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel wax-assisted templating and stamp-transfer (WAST) method enables additive-free fabrication of MXene electrochemical sensors. This technique offers reproducible, high-performance transducers, suitable for practical applications like heavy metal ion detection.

Keywords:
MXenesdevice designelectrochemical sensorstransducer fabrication

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Fabricating advanced electrochemical sensors often requires complex deposition methods.
  • MXenes offer unique properties for electrochemical applications but require scalable processing.
  • Additive-free solution processing combined with template-assisted transfer is an underexplored area for sensor fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel wax-assisted templating and stamp-transfer (WAST) approach for fabricating monolithic MXene transducers.
  • To develop and compare two distinct configurations of MXene-based electrochemical sensors.
  • To demonstrate the reproducibility, performance, and potential practical applications of the WAST-fabricated sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a wax-assisted templating and stamp-transfer (WAST) method using additive-free MXene inks.
  • Fabricated two sensor configurations: (A) all-MXene electrodes and (B) MXene working electrodes with Ag/AgCl and carbon counter electrodes.
  • Utilized voltammetric characterization to assess electrochemical performance and reproducibility across multiple batches.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved excellent reproducibility in voltammetric peak currents and peak-to-peak separation for both configurations.
    • Demonstrated consistent performance with configuration A (Ipa = 87.9 ± 1.7 μA, Ipc = -81.3 ± 1.5 μA, ΔEp = 255.9 ± 4.6 mV) and configuration B (Ipa = 43.8 ± 0.6 μA, Ipc = -62.8 ± 1.2 μA, ΔEp = 87.6 ± 0.9 mV).
    • Validated the efficacy of WAST-produced transducers through benchmarking against commercial systems and a proof-of-concept Hg2+ ion sensing experiment.

    Conclusions:

    • The WAST method provides a robust, versatile, and tool-light approach for fabricating MXene-based electrochemical sensors.
    • This technique enables configuration choices and accelerates lab-scale prototyping of flexible electrochemical devices.
    • WAST offers a promising alternative to conventional deposition methods, with potential for practical sensing applications.