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Flowing Fibers: Subsurface Sampling Is Key to Understanding Natural and Plastic Textile Fiber Pollution in Rivers.

Harley Nicholls1,2, Catherine Sanders3, David B Ryves1

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Summary

Riverbed roughness significantly impacts textile fiber transport, affecting pollution monitoring. Current surface sampling methods underestimate total fiber pollution, necessitating comprehensive water column and riverbed sampling for accurate assessment.

Keywords:
aquatic pollutionexperimental flumemicrofibersmicroplastic methodsmicroplastic monitoringmicroplastic transportnatural fiberstextile fibers

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Water Quality Monitoring

Background:

  • Textile fibers are emerging as significant anthropogenic pollutants in aquatic environments.
  • Existing research on textile fiber pollution in waterways often overlooks environmental heterogeneity, particularly riverbed characteristics.
  • The environmental behavior and transport pathways of nonplastic textile fibers remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally quantify the influence of fiber type (cotton, wool, polyester, acrylic) and riverbed roughness (flat, fine gravel, coarse gravel) on textile fiber transport.
  • To assess the impact of environmental heterogeneity on the vertical distribution of transported textile fibers.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of current surface-sampling methodologies for monitoring textile fiber pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an experimental, recirculating flume to simulate riverine conditions.
  • Investigated the vertical distribution of 18,793 textile fibers across different fiber types and riverbed substrates.
  • Analyzed fiber/bed interactions and transport pathways under controlled experimental conditions.

Main Results:

  • Riverbed substrate significantly altered textile fiber transport pathways, a finding consistent across all tested fiber types.
  • Surface-only sampling methods were found to substantially under-record total fiber fluxes in aquatic systems.
  • The underestimation bias from surface sampling did not differ significantly between the tested fiber types (cotton, wool, polyester, acrylic).

Conclusions:

  • Environmental heterogeneity, specifically riverbed roughness, plays a critical role in the transport and distribution of textile fibers.
  • Current monitoring strategies relying on surface sampling significantly underestimate the true scale of lotic and potentially lentic textile fiber pollution.
  • Comprehensive sampling protocols, including the entire water column and diverse riverbed types, are essential for accurate assessment of riverine textile fiber pollution.