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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics
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Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics

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Delayed-Onset Vitiligo in Metastatic HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer During Long-Term Ribociclib Therapy.

Elias Tayar1, Dhatri Kodali1,2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare Clear Lake, Houston, USA.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitiligo, a rare skin side effect of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, can occur even after years of treatment. This case shows that mild vitiligo does not require stopping effective cancer therapy.

Keywords:
Breast cancercyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitorsribociclibvitiligo

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are used to treat hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.
  • Vitiligo is a rare but recognized cutaneous adverse event associated with CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of delayed-onset vitiligo in a patient receiving long-term CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.
  • To emphasize that vitiligo does not necessitate treatment discontinuation if managed conservatively.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 56-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer treated with ribociclib.
  • Dermatologic evaluation and conservative management with topical corticosteroids.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed asymptomatic vitiligo after 3 years of ribociclib therapy.
  • Metastatic disease remained stable with continued ribociclib treatment and conservative management of vitiligo.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed-onset vitiligo is an uncommon immune-mediated toxicity of prolonged CDK4/6 inhibitor use.
  • Mild cutaneous autoimmune-like toxicities do not warrant stopping effective anticancer drugs.
  • Collaborative management between oncologists and dermatologists is essential for CDK4/6 inhibitor-associated vitiligo.