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The State of International Human Rights Law on Sexual and Reproductive Health: An Overview
Christina Zampas1, Åsa Nihlén2
1Fellow at the International Reproductive and Sexual Health Law Program, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Canada, and an independent consultant based in Geneva, Switzerland.
Health and Human Rights
|January 15, 2026
Summary
Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are human rights under UN law, but gaps persist. This paper reviews current obligations and advocates for evolving standards to ensure equitable access for all, especially marginalized groups.
Area of Science:
- International Human Rights Law
- Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR)
Background:
- SRHR are fundamental human rights, grounded in international treaties.
- Ongoing development and evolving standards are crucial for SRHR realization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of states' obligations concerning SRHR under UN international human rights law.
- To identify gaps in current SRHR standards and advocate for their evolution.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of UN treaty body standards related to maternal health, contraceptive access, abortion, and sexuality education.
- Identification of gaps in standards, including menstrual health, assisted reproductive technologies, and self-care.
Main Results:
- Notable progress in SRHR realization exists, but significant inequalities and rights violations persist.
- Marginalized populations are disproportionately affected by SRHR disparities.
- Gaps identified in areas like menstrual health and assisted reproductive technologies.
Conclusions:
- SRHR obligations are rooted in international human rights law.
- Continuous evolution of SRHR standards is necessary for equitable realization.
- Prioritizing legal and policy development in identified gap areas is essential.
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