Exploring digital interaction and positive youth development in a sample of Spanish undergraduates

This study examined the associations between different types of internet use and Positive Youth Development (PYD) among Spanish university students, considering gender differences. A total of 1779 undergraduate students (65.9% men, M age = 20.32, SD = 1.84) from ten universities in Andalusia (Spain) completed online self-report measures assessing the five dimensions of PYD and some internet use behaviors, including social networking, online gaming, reading, surfing or looking for information, music-related activities, and e-commerce. Descriptive analyses indicated moderate levels of overall PYD, with the highest scores in Caring and Character and the lowest in Competence. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses showed that the most frequent online activities were social networking, surfing or looking for information, and playing or downloading music. Social networking and online gaming were negatively associated with PYD, whereas reading or looking for information was positively associated. Significant gender differences emerged across all variables, with women reporting more frequent social media use and higher Character and Caring, and men showing more frequent gaming activity and higher Competence and Confidence. The findings underline the distinct associations between specific internet activities and PYD dimensions. The results suggest the importance of promoting constructive digital engagement and mitigating potentially harmful practices. Gender differences should be considered when adopting programs to the needs of each group.