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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Locomotion selectively enhances visual speed encoding in mouse medial higher visual areas.

Edward A B Horrocks¹, Aman B Saleem¹

¹Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1V 0AP, UK.

|January 15, 2026

Summary

Locomotion selectively enhances visual speed processing in mouse higher visual areas, suggesting specialized roles during movement. Direction encoding, however, was broadly enhanced across the visual cortex.

Keywords:

Health sciences

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Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

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Published on: June 13, 2019

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Published on: July 19, 2012

Author Spotlight: An Accurate and Quantitative Approach to Study Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Visual System Processing
Sensory Integration

Background:

Mammalian visual systems feature specialized brain areas for distinct functions.
The influence of ongoing behavior on these visual specializations remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how locomotion affects neural encoding of visual motion stimuli in the mouse visual system.
To determine if functional specializations in visual areas are behavior-dependent.

Main Methods:

Recorded neural activity from thousands of neurons across six cortical and two thalamic visual areas in mice.
Presented visual motion stimuli while mice were either stationary or locomoting.

Main Results:

Locomotion selectively enhanced visual speed encoding in medial higher visual cortical areas.
Direction encoding of drifting gratings was enhanced non-selectively across the visual cortex during locomotion.

Conclusions:

Medial higher visual areas may specialize in processing visual motion during locomotion.
Sensory processing efficacy in higher visual areas is shaped by the interplay between sensory input and ongoing behavior, supporting context-dependent roles.