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Methodological Advances in GC-MS for Complex Plant Matrices: Profiling Essential Oils From Apiaceae Flora.

Naiba Mehdiyeva1, Nigar Mursal1, Muhammad Zafar2

  • 1Institute of Botany, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Essential oils from Bilacunaria microcarpa and Peucedanum ruthenicum exhibit potent fungicidal activity against harmful fungi like Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. These plant extracts show significant potential for antifungal applications.

Keywords:
Aspergillus nigerBilacunaria microcarpaApiaceaeantifungal activitychromatography‐mass spectroscopyessential oil

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Phytochemical extraction using chromatography identifies and quantifies volatile bioactive compounds.
  • Chemical profiling of plant extracts is crucial for evaluating pharmacological significance.
  • Essential oils contain diverse volatile compounds with potential biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the chemical composition of essential oils from Bilacunaria microcarpa and Peucedanum ruthenicum.
  • To investigate the antifungal activity of these plant species and their extracts.
  • To provide a chemical profile for understanding their pharmacological potential.

Main Methods:

  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to determine the component composition of essential oils.
  • Phytochemical analysis was performed on Bilacunaria microcarpa and Peucedanum ruthenicum.
  • Antifungal activity assays were conducted on plant extracts and essential oils.

Main Results:

  • Seventy components were identified in B. microcarpa essential oil, with beta-phellandrene and beta-pinene as major constituents.
  • Sixty components were identified in P. ruthenicum essential oil, with m-cymene and beta-myrcene as major constituents.
  • Both species, their aqueous extracts, and essential oils demonstrated significant antifungal activity against tested fungi.

Conclusions:

  • Bilacunaria microcarpa and Peucedanum ruthenicum, along with their extracts, exhibit fungistatic and fungicidal properties.
  • Essential oils from both species showed absolute fungicidal action against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger.
  • The study highlights the potential of these plants as sources of natural antifungal agents.