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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Leveraging mirror-image glycans in carbohydrate materials.

Dominik Weh1,2, Martina Delbianco2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

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|January 15, 2026
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Summary

Exploring mirror-image glycans offers new ways to design carbohydrate materials. This study highlights the potential of chiral diversity in glycans, drawing parallels with peptide design principles for advanced glycan assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Chirality is key in peptide material design.
  • Exploiting glycan chirality for materials is underdeveloped.
  • Carbohydrates offer rich chiral diversity (D- and L-configurations).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Emphasize the value of mirror-image glycans in tailoring carbohydrate materials.
  • Compare chiral features of carbohydrates and peptides.
  • Guide the design of novel glycan assemblies.

Main Methods:

  • Examining distinctive chiral features of carbohydrates.
  • Comparing glycan and peptide chiral characteristics.
  • Reviewing examples of glycan assembly strategies.

Main Results:

  • Chiral features of carbohydrates offer opportunities to modulate glycan assembly.
  • Insights from peptide chirality can guide glycan material design.
  • Demonstrated potential for tailored glycan materials.

Conclusions:

  • Mirror-image glycans are valuable for designing advanced carbohydrate materials.
  • Chirality provides a powerful tool for understanding and controlling glycan assembly.
  • Future glycan material design can be inspired by peptide assembly principles.