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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

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Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
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Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

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Delineating testosterone's impact on model-based and model-free decision-making processes.

Nace Mikus1,2, Hana H Kutlikova1,3, Eisenegger Christoph1

  • 1Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testosterone does not bias decision-making towards intuition. This study found testosterone reduced reflexive (model-free) decision-making, challenging the idea it lowers cognitive effort for intuitive choices.

Keywords:
DAT1 polymorphismdecision-makingmodel-basedmodel-freetestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Testosterone is linked to impulsive behavior, prompting research into its effects on decision-making.
  • A key debate questions if testosterone favors intuitive choices by reducing cognitive effort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate testosterone's impact on the balance between goal-directed (model-based) and reflexive (model-free) decision-making.
  • To assess if testosterone administration influences cognitive effort allocation in decision processes.

Main Methods:

  • Administered testosterone to 216 healthy men.
  • Utilized a sequential decision-making task.
  • Employed computational modeling to analyze decision strategies.

Main Results:

  • Testosterone did not alter the weighting of model-based valuation in decision-making.
  • Testosterone administration decreased the weighting of model-free valuation.
  • Performance decreased on task trials not requiring stage-mapping memory.

Conclusions:

  • Findings contradict the hypothesis that testosterone promotes intuitive decision-making by reducing cognitive effort.
  • Testosterone appears to modulate, rather than simply reduce, cognitive effort in decision-making processes.