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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
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Quantum technology: prospects for new thermometric and radiometric sensor development.

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New quantum-based methods offer novel ways to measure primary temperature. These techniques, including cavity magnomechanics and Rydberg thermal radiometry, are advancing thermometry for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Traditional temperature measurement methods face limitations at extreme scales and conditions.
  • The redefinition of the kelvin necessitates the development of new primary thermometry techniques.
  • Quantum phenomena offer unique physical principles for precise temperature sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging quantum-based methods for primary temperature measurement.
  • To present the principles, challenges, and status of novel thermometry techniques.
  • To highlight advancements relevant to cryogenic, nanoscale, and biological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Cavity magnomechanics: Linking temperature to phonon modes in a magnetic element coupled to a microwave cavity.
  • Coulomb blockade thermometry (CBT): Utilizing single-electron transistors (SETs) fabricated with atomic manipulation.
  • Rydberg thermal radiometry: Inferring temperature from the interaction of Rydberg atoms with blackbody radiation (BBR).
  • Nanoparticle optical emission: Measuring temperature via optical properties of nanoparticles, with potential for biological applications.

Main Results:

  • Cavity magnomechanics shows promise for cryogenic temperature measurements.
  • Advances in scanning probe microscopy enable smaller-scale CBTs for higher temperature operation.
  • Rydberg atoms provide a sensitive platform for thermal radiometry.
  • Nanoparticle thermometry is being developed for biological applications and primary thermometry.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum effects provide a powerful basis for developing next-generation primary thermometers.
  • These diverse quantum thermometry techniques are at various stages of development, each addressing specific measurement challenges.
  • Continued research in quantum thermometry is crucial for advancing metrology and enabling new scientific and technological capabilities.