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Summary

The new kelvin definition allows primary thermometry, but challenges remain above 300 K. Advances in thermodynamic temperature measurement are crucial for improving the International Temperature Scales (ITS) and scale carriers.

Keywords:
International System of UnitsMise en Pratiquekelvintemperaturetemperature scalethermodynamic temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Thermodynamics
  • Thermometry

Background:

  • Historically, the International Temperature Scales (ITS) were the sole method for realizing the kelvin.
  • The redefined kelvin and Mise en Pratique of the kelvin (MeP-K) now permit primary thermometry for kelvin realization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between primary thermometry, ITS, and scale carriers.
  • To highlight challenges in thermodynamic temperature measurement above 300 K.
  • To discuss deficiencies in current ITS and requirements for the temperature measurement community.

Main Methods:

  • Historical perspective on primary thermometry and ITS.
  • Introduction to primary thermometry techniques within MeP-K.
  • Discussion of challenges in thermodynamic temperature measurement above 300 K.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in primary thermometry has been made at low temperatures.
  • Primary thermometry above 300 K needs further development to rival ITS realizations.
  • Thermodynamic temperature (T), ITS (TITS), and scale carriers are interconnected; improvements in one benefit the others.

Conclusions:

  • The new kelvin definition offers an alternative to ITS via primary thermometry.
  • Addressing challenges in high-temperature primary thermometry is essential.
  • Advancements in thermodynamic temperature measurement are vital for the future of metrology.