Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

783
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
783
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

421
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
421
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

438
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
438
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.1K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.1K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

1.9K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.9K
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

1.3K
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Memory-based similar lure rejections promote subsequent memory for relative recency.

Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Bidirectionality and the application of the integrated neurocognitive model of technological cognition to late life cognitive health.

Cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Individual differences in prospective and retrospective memory offloading.

Journal of memory and language·2025
Same author

Meta-analytic investigations of the effect of cognitive offloading on memory-based task performance and interindividual variability.

Memory & cognition·2025
Same author

Predicting internalizing symptoms with machine learning: identifying individuals that need care.

Journal of American college health : J of ACH·2023
Same author

Personal and collective mental time travel across the adult lifespan during COVID-19.

Psychology and aging·2023
Same journal

Semantic and episodic contributions of long-term memory to working memory in young and older adults.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Older adults exhibit multisensory-specific cognitive control effects.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Autobiographical memory and metacognition in aging: A preserved ability to monitor memory retrieval.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Self-perceptions of aging and volunteering in later life: Examining longitudinal bidirectional associations in the German Ageing Survey (DEAS).

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Age-related changes in eye movements during pictorial recall in older adults.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Gait matters in spatial orientation: Age-related differences in real-world wayfinding and cognitive mapping.

Psychology and aging·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

7.7K

Age group and experience impact partial cognitive offloading for value-based remembering.

Lois K Burnett1, Lauren L Richmond1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University.

Psychology and Aging
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults benefit from cognitive offloading using external memory aids. However, unlike younger adults, they do not show enhanced memory for non-offloaded information after gaining experience with this strategy.

More Related Videos

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.0K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

7.7K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.0K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human memory

Background:

  • Older adults often experience declines in episodic memory.
  • Cognitive offloading, using external aids, can improve memory performance in older adults.
  • The saving-enhanced memory effect, where memory for non-offloaded items improves, is known in young adults but not yet studied in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if older adults exhibit a saving-enhanced memory effect from partial cognitive offloading.
  • To examine how partial cognitive offloading behaviors and benefits change with experience in young and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involved participants studying word lists with varying point values.
  • Participants used internal memory or partial cognitive offloading (offloading a subset of words).
  • Experience with partial offloading was gained through direct instruction or extended practice before a final recall test.

Main Results:

  • Experience with partial cognitive offloading improved overall performance for both young and older adults.
  • Young adults showed enhanced memory for non-offloaded items (saving-enhanced memory effect) after gaining experience.
  • Older adults did not exhibit this saving-enhanced memory effect, despite improved overall performance.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults effectively use external memory aids through cognitive offloading.
  • Unlike young adults, older adults do not appear to reallocate freed-up internal memory resources to non-offloaded information.
  • Experience with partial cognitive offloading benefits older adults' performance but does not confer the same memory enhancement for non-offloaded items as seen in younger adults.