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New aspects of chronic beryllium disease
Amanda Morgan1, Maeve G MacMurdo1,2
1Cleveland Clinic, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, Pulmonary Department.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|January 15, 2026
Summary
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a lung disorder caused by beryllium exposure. New diagnostic and treatment strategies are needed to address ongoing challenges in identifying and managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Medicine
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disorder triggered by beryllium exposure.
- Despite regulations, new cases emerge in various occupational settings, highlighting persistent exposure risks.
- Understanding the immune response and genetic factors is key to CBD pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review diagnostic and preventive challenges in chronic beryllium disease.
- To discuss screening and treatment strategies for beryllium-exposed individuals.
- To highlight recent advances and future directions in CBD management.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on chronic beryllium disease.
- Analysis of updated exposure standards and medical surveillance protocols.
- Examination of immunopathogenesis research, including T cell roles and genetic associations.
Main Results:
- Updated standards broaden recognition of at-risk populations like military and construction workers.
- Advances in understanding CBD immunopathogenesis reveal the role of beryllium-specific T cells and HLA-DPB1 genetics.
- Gaps remain in testing access, biomarker development, and understanding disease natural history.
- Corticosteroids are primary treatment, with limited evidence for other therapies.
Conclusions:
- Improved diagnostic biomarkers and refined screening protocols are needed.
- Multicenter trials for steroid-sparing regimens are warranted.
- Coordinated research is essential for evidence-based management and reducing morbidity.
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