Novel Simulation With 3D-Printed Spine for Teaching Durotomy Repair: A Technique Guide and Validation Study

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Surgical Education
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Durotomies, or tears in the dura mater, can cause cerebrospinal fluid leakage and complications.
• Repairing durotomies is a crucial skill for orthopedic and neurosurgical trainees.
• Current training methods present challenges for developing proficiency safely.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel 3-dimensional (3D) printed simulation model for teaching intraoperative durotomy repair.
• To provide surgical trainees with a safe and controlled environment for practicing durotomy repair techniques.

Main Methods:

• Development of a 3D-printed simulation model with lumbar and thoracic windows.
• Utilized 3D-printed and repurposed components for a lifelike intraoperative scenario.
• Assessed performance of junior residents, senior residents, fellows, and attending surgeons.

Main Results:

• The simulation model realistically replicated an in vivo intraoperative durotomy repair scenario.
• More experienced surgeons (senior residents, fellows, attendings) initially outperformed junior residents.
• All participant groups demonstrated improved performance with repeated simulator use.

Conclusions:

• The 3D-printed model provides a valid and effective tool for surgical trainees to practice durotomy repair.
• The simulator facilitates skill acquisition and improvement in a risk-free setting.
• This novel simulator has the potential to enhance surgical training and improve patient outcomes by reducing durotomy-related complications.