Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

868
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
868
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

585
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
585
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

4.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.3K
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

848
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
848
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

594
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
594
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic and Clinical Factors Associated With Metformin Plasma Concentrations Following an Acute Metformin Challenge.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Towards scalable biomarker discovery in posttraumatic stress disorder: triangulating genomic and phenotypic evidence from a health system biobank.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Identification of a genetic risk factor for metformin-induced vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency.

Diabetologia·2026
Same author

Expansion of a physician parental wellness programme at the Massachusetts General Hospital to improve physician well-being.

BMJ leader·2025
Same author

Common genetic variants near <i>SLC2A2</i> and glycemic response to glimepiride in the GRADE comparative effectiveness clinical trial.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Expanding Access to Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Medicare Patients Receiving Specialty Diabetes Care: A Quality Improvement Project.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Homogeneous Time-resolved F&#246;rster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.7K

Pharmacologic Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes.

Bryan Kuo1,2, Josephine H Li1,2

  • 1Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

NEJM Evidence
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Newer medications for type 2 diabetes (T2D) effectively lower blood glucose and reduce cardiometabolic risks. This review covers current and emerging T2D pharmacologic treatments, guiding clinical use for better patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

11.1K
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Homogeneous Time-resolved F&#246;rster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

9.7K
An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

11.1K
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

26.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health concern characterized by hyperglycemia.
  • Effective management of T2D is crucial to prevent long-term cardiometabolic complications.
  • Pharmacologic interventions are a cornerstone of T2D treatment, alongside lifestyle modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest pharmacologic agents for T2D treatment.
  • To examine the evidence supporting the cardiometabolic benefits of these new agents.
  • To discuss considerations for clinical application and emerging therapies targeting T2D pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent clinical trials and studies on T2D pharmacotherapies.
  • Analysis of data on glucose-lowering efficacy and cardiometabolic outcomes.
  • Synthesis of information on patient-specific factors and clinical contexts for treatment selection.

Main Results:

  • Newer T2D medications offer significant glucose-lowering effects.
  • These agents demonstrate notable reductions in long-term cardiometabolic complications.
  • Evidence supports tailored use based on individual patient profiles and clinical scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of T2D pharmacotherapy has expanded with beneficial new agents.
  • These newer treatments provide both glycemic control and cardiovascular protection.
  • Ongoing research into therapies targeting T2D's underlying mechanisms promises further advancements in care.