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Occupational lead exposure induces oxidative stress, pulmonary dysfunction, and reduced exercise capacity: A
Ukbe Sirayder1, Cihangir Acik1
1Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Kocasinan, Türkiye.
Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of occupational lead exposure on exercise capacity, oxidative stress, and pulmonary function using a multisystemic approach.
Methods:
A total of 48 lead-exposed and 51 control male workers participated in this cross-sectional study. Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), spirometry, blood lead levels (ICP-MS), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, FRAP) were assessed. Correlation and stepwise linear regression analyses were performed.
Results:
The exposed group showed significantly lower ISWT distances (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.93), higher dyspnea and fatigue scores (p < 0.01), elevated MDA (d = 2.99), and reduced FRAP levels (d = 0.64). FVC (%) was significantly lower (p < 0.001, d = 1.48), while FEV₁/FVC ratio was higher (p < 0.001, d = 1.46). Regression analyses revealed that lead exposure duration significantly predicted reduced ISWT distance (β = -0.299, p = 0.039), increased dyspnea (β = 0.591, p < 0.001), general fatigue (β = 0.476, p = 0.001), and lower FVC (β = -0.353, p = 0.014).
Conclusion:
Occupational lead exposure is associated with impaired exercise performance and pulmonary function. While oxidative stress contributes to this impairment, cumulative exposure duration emerged as the most consistent predictor. This is the first study to integratively evaluate the impact of lead on maximal exercise capacity alongside biochemical and respiratory parameters, offering novel insights into its systemic physiological burden.
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