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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells
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Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells

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T-cell engaging antibodies for B-cell lymphomas.

Dong Hyun Kim1, Tae Min Kim2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Seminars in Hematology
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are revolutionizing B-cell lymphoma treatment. This review details four CD20 × CD3 BsAbs and one CD19 × CD3 BsAb, summarizing their efficacy, safety, and management of side effects like cytokine release syndrome.

Keywords:
B-cell lymphomaBispecific antibodyImmunotherapyT-cell engager

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In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Hematology

Background:

  • T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have significantly advanced B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment.
  • Approved CD20 × CD3 BsAbs include mosunetuzumab (FL), glofitamab (DLBCL), and epcoritamab/odronextamab (FL/DLBCL).
  • Surovatamig (CD19 × CD3 BsAb) shows promise for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of CD20 × CD3 and CD19 × CD3 BsAbs in B-cell lymphomas.
  • To compare different BsAbs regarding development platforms, structures, and administration routes.
  • To summarize dosing, side effect management, and ongoing clinical evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data for four CD20 × CD3 BsAbs and one CD19 × CD3 BsAb.
  • Analysis of efficacy across B-cell lymphoma subtypes.
  • Assessment of safety profiles, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS).

Main Results:

  • CD20 × CD3 BsAbs are approved for third-line therapy in FL and DLBCL.
  • CRS occurred in nearly half of patients, mostly low-grade, with varied mitigation strategies.
  • ICANS incidence was generally below 10%, with rare severe events.
  • Ongoing studies explore these agents in frontline and relapsed/refractory settings, as monotherapy or combination therapy.

Conclusions:

  • BsAbs represent a significant therapeutic advance for B-cell lymphomas.
  • Understanding the distinct profiles and safety management of each BsAb is crucial for optimal patient care.
  • Further research is evaluating BsAbs in earlier treatment lines and combination regimens.