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Assessing team mindsets: Development and validation of a scale for team learning.

Soo Jeoung Han¹, Mirim Kim^2,3

¹Graduate School of Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

|January 16, 2026

Summary

This study developed the Team Mindset Scale (TMS) to measure collective beliefs about teamwork and learning. The validated scale identifies two factors: team growth and fixed mindsets, aiding future research and practice.

Keywords:

Fixed and growth mindset Team learning Team mindset scale development

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Published on: September 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Psychology
Organizational Behavior
Educational Psychology

Background:

Team mindsets, collective beliefs about enhancing team capacity through knowledge sharing and learning, are crucial for collaborative success.
Existing research lacks a validated scale to measure team mindsets, specifically in relation to learning and collaborative problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate the Team Mindset Scale (TMS) for measuring individuals' perceptions of teamwork concerning learning.
To identify the underlying factor structure of team mindsets, distinguishing between growth and fixed orientations.

Main Methods:

Scale development involving item generation and initial validation.
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a government employee sample (n=91).
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a college student sample (n=908) to verify the factor structure, assess psychometric properties, and test measurement invariance.

Main Results:

The Team Mindset Scale (TMS) demonstrated a robust two-factor structure: team growth mindset and team fixed mindset.
The scale exhibited good psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, across diverse samples.
Convergent and discriminant validity were supported through relationships with Dweck's individual mindsets.

Conclusions:

The validated TMS provides a reliable instrument for assessing team mindsets in academic and organizational settings.
Understanding team mindsets can inform interventions aimed at fostering collaborative learning and improving team performance.
The findings offer valuable insights for educators and practitioners seeking to cultivate positive team dynamics.