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Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in the Rhesus monkey.

W L Spangler, D Gribble, C Abildgaard

    Veterinary Pathology
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Inoculation with Plasmodium knowlesi malaria parasites caused acute hemolysis and death in Rhesus monkeys within a week. Organ damage and blood clotting were observed, highlighting the severe pathology of this infection.

    Area of Science:

    • Parasitology
    • Primate Models
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Plasmodium knowlesi is a species of malaria parasite.
    • Understanding Plasmodium knowlesi pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the pathological effects of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Rhesus monkeys.

    Main Methods:

    • Intravenous inoculation of twelve Rhesus monkeys with approximately 500,000 Plasmodium knowlesi parasites.
    • Observation of clinical signs, gross pathology, and microscopic changes.

    Main Results:

    • Acute hemolysis occurred 5 days post-inoculation, leading to death by day 6 or 7.
    • Extensive deposition of hemoglobin and malaria pigments caused gray-green to gray-brown discoloration in organs, notably lungs, brain, and fat.

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  • Microscopic examination revealed centrilobular necrosis in the liver and acute tubular necrosis in the kidneys, indicative of severe hypoxia.
  • Terminal intravascular coagulopathy was confirmed by widespread fibrin thrombi.

    • Conclusions:

    • Plasmodium knowlesi infection induces rapid and severe pathology in Rhesus monkeys.
    • The observed hemolysis, organ damage, and coagulopathy underscore the lethal potential of this malaria species.