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Related Concept Videos

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

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Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
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Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
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Complementary Surface Motifs Enhance NO3RR Performance in NiFe Alloys.

Jorin Dawidowicz1, O Quinn Carvalho1, Shinnosuke Kamohara2

  • 1School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.

Chemsuschem
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Nickel-iron (NiFe) alloys enhance nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) efficiency and ammonia (NH4+) selectivity. Local site diversity and a spillover mechanism explain performance across NiFe ratios.

Keywords:
adsorptionalloysdensity functional calculationselectrocatalysisnitrate reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • First-row transition metals show a trade-off between Faradaic efficiency (FE) and NH4+ selectivity in nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR).
  • Understanding active sites is crucial for designing efficient electrocatalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate NiFe alloys as electrocatalysts for NO3RR.
  • To identify descriptors that rationalize experimental trends and understand selectivity mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental synthesis and electrochemical testing of NiFe alloys.
  • Computational studies including microkinetic modeling and DFT calculations of activation energies.
  • Introduction of a "relative nitrate adsorption" descriptor.

Main Results:

  • NiFe alloys exhibit high NO3RR FE and superior NH4+ selectivity compared to pure Ni or Fe.
  • The "relative nitrate adsorption" descriptor correlates with reaction rate but not NH4+ selectivity.
  • NiFe alloys utilize local site diversity, with Ni-rich sites promoting NO2* deoxygenation and Fe promoting NO* dissociation via a spillover mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • NiFe alloys offer a promising strategy for efficient and selective NO3RR.
  • Performance is attributed to synergistic effects and local site diversity within the alloy, not a single active site.
  • The findings provide insights into designing advanced electrocatalysts for nitrogen conversion.