[Emergency medicine : what's new in 2025]

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Critical Care
• Medical Research

Background:

• Significant scientific progress continues in emergency medicine.
• Key areas of focus include resuscitation, trauma management, and advanced interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on vascular access in cardiac arrest.
• To summarize recent advances in trauma patient management.
• To discuss the current status and future potential of thrombectomy for stroke and pulmonary embolism.

Main Methods:

• Evidence synthesis on vascular access during cardiac arrest.
• Review of prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in polytrauma and brain injury.
• Analysis of current literature on thrombectomy for ischemic stroke and pulmonary embolism.

Main Results:

• Intra-osseous access is not superior to peripheral venous access for cardiac arrest.
• Sternal capillary refill time has prognostic value in polytrauma.
• A transfusion target of 90 g/l benefits patients with brain injury.
• Thrombectomy for distal vessel strokes has limitations but shows promise for pulmonary embolism.

Conclusions:

• Current evidence does not support intra-osseous over peripheral venous access in cardiac arrest.
• Optimized transfusion strategies and prognostic tools improve trauma care.
• Thrombectomy holds future potential for treating pulmonary embolism, despite current stroke limitations.