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Aging of the Hematopoietic System: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Systemic Interactions

Masashi Miyawaki1, Seiji Hashimoto1, Sumito Ogawa1

  • 1Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Aging Cell
|January 16, 2026
PubMed

The aging of the hematopoietic system is central to physiological aging, with profound consequences for immune competence, tissue regeneration, and systemic health. Age-related changes manifest as altered blood cell composition, functional decline in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and deterioration of the bone marrow niche. Beyond hematologic dysfunction, hematopoietic aging acts as a systemic amplifier of age-related diseases through clonal hematopoiesis and inflammatory remodeling. This review integrates recent insights into the mechanisms and systemic impacts of hematopoietic aging, reframing it as a modifiable axis of systemic aging. We highlight emerging rejuvenation strategies-senolytics, metabolic reprogramming, and microbiota-targeted therapies-that aim to restore hematopoietic and immune function, offering promising avenues to improve healthspan and reduce age-related multimorbidity.

Keywords:
aginghealthspanhematopoiesishematopoietic stem cellsinflammation

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