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Updated: Jan 18, 2026
An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
Published on: December 1, 2017
Moderate protection from vaccination against influenza A(H3N2) subclade K in Beijing, China, September to December
Ying Shen1,2, Daitao Zhang1,2,3, Zhaomin Feng1,2,3
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Surveillance, Early Warning and Pathogen Research on Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
During the early 2025/26 influenza season, influenza A(H3N2) subclade K rapidly predominated in Beijing, China. Using a test-negative design, we estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among influenza-like illness outpatients tested between September and December 2025. Among 9,579 participants, sequencing of 316 randomly selected A(H3N2)-positive samples showed 84.8% were subclade K, and antigenic analysis of 65 viruses indicated antigenic divergence. Despite this, adjusted VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza was 41.3% (95% CI: 29.2 to 51.3), indicating moderate protection during this subclade K-dominated season.
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