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Subarachnoid hemorrhage: New insights on pathogenesis
Divine C Nwafor1,2,3, Allison L Brichacek4, Michael S Rallo5
1Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV, United States.
Frontiers in Stroke
|January 16, 2026
Summary
The gut microbiome may influence brain aneurysm development and rupture. Targeting inflammation offers a potential strategy to mitigate neurological damage from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Microbiology
- Vascular Biology
Background:
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe stroke type with high mortality.
- Saccular intracranial aneurysms are the primary cause of SAH.
- The role of the microbiome in SAH remains under-explored, unlike in ischemic stroke.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the microbiome's role in intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture.
- To explore the influence of diet on aneurysm development.
- To identify potential therapeutic strategies for SAH.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on the microbiome, diet, inflammation, and intracranial aneurysms.
- Synthesis of current evidence linking gut dysbiosis to aneurysm pathogenesis.
- Analysis of inflammatory pathways implicated in SAH.
Main Results:
- Emerging evidence suggests the microbiome influences intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture.
- Dietary factors significantly impact aneurysm development.
- Inflammatory pathways are critical in SAH pathophysiology and neurological dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- The gut microbiome represents a novel factor in intracranial aneurysm disease.
- Dietary interventions and targeting inflammation are promising strategies for SAH prevention and treatment.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking the microbiome to SAH.
