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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Lipids as Anchors01:32

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
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Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
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Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

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Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks
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Concentrated Rhamnolipid Formulations: Bridging Chemodiversity to Structure, Flow Behavior, and Functionality.

Matilde Tancredi1,2, Carlo Carandente Coscia1,2, Michela Buonocore1

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that biosurfactants, specifically rhamnolipids, are excellent for creating stable, ultraconcentrated biobased formulations. Their unique composition allows for consistent micelle structure, maintaining low viscosity and cleaning power even at high concentrations.

Keywords:
biosurfactantscongener mixtureeco-sustainable detergentsrheologyself-assemblyultraconcentrated formulations

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Fabrication Procedures and Birefringence Measurements for Designing Magnetically Responsive Lanthanide Ion Chelating Phospholipid Assemblies
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Area of Science:

  • Sustainable Product Design
  • Biobased Formulations
  • Surfactant Chemistry

Background:

  • Ultraconcentrated biobased formulations are a key area in sustainable product design.
  • Biosurfactants offer natural chemodiversity for optimizing formulation structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the composition of a commercial rhamnolipid sample.
  • Characterize the self-assembly behavior of rhamnolipids in aqueous solutions.
  • Understand the role of rhamnolipid congener composition and free fatty acids in formulation properties.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry for composition analysis.
  • Polarized optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for structural characterization.
  • Variable concentration and temperature studies.

Main Results:

  • Rhamnolipid sample is a complex mixture of congeners, predominantly dirhamnolipids and double-tailed species, with free fatty acids.
  • Aqueous rhamnolipid solutions form stable ellipsoidal micelles with hydrophobic cores, insensitive to concentration (up to 65 wt %) and temperature (up to 50 °C).
  • At >65 wt % concentration, congener segregation leads to ordered structures, preserving low viscosity and cleaning efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Rhamnolipid congener composition and free fatty acids are crucial for tuning self-assembly and formulation properties.
  • The observed aggregation behavior explains the maintained low viscosity and cleaning efficiency of concentrated rhamnolipid formulations.
  • Rhamnolipids are promising candidates for developing innovative and sustainable formulations.