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CKD in Indigenous Populations in Kerala, India
Panniyammakal Jeemon1, Sunaib Ismail1, Henna Kondeth1
1Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Kidney International Reports
|January 16, 2026
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 22.6% of tribal adults in Kerala, India, with higher rates in females. Key risk factors include older age, hypertension, diabetes, and lower education, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant public health challenge in India, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations.
- Epidemiological shifts indicate a rising metabolic risk within tribal communities, necessitating focused research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of CKD among tribal communities in Kerala, South India.
- To identify factors associated with CKD in this specific demographic.
Main Methods:
- A community-based cross-sectional study involving 2029 tribal adults (≥30 years) across three Kerala districts.
- Data collected via interviews, anthropometry, point-of-care tests, and urine analysis, using KDIGO 2024 criteria for CKD definition.
- Multivariable logistic regression analyzed factors independently associated with CKD.
Main Results:
- CKD prevalence was 22.6% (95% CI: 20.7%-24.7%), higher in females (24.2%) than males (20.4%).
- Significant associations found between CKD and older age, hypertension, diabetes, lower education, and low body mass index (BMI).
- A substantial subclinical burden of CKD was observed, with most cases in early risk stages.
Conclusions:
- This is the first large-scale study reporting high CKD prevalence in India's indigenous tribal populations.
- Effective CKD control requires an equity-focused strategy addressing clinical and social determinants.
- Culturally adapted screening and prevention interventions within primary healthcare are crucial.
Keywords:
Indiachronic kidney diseasecross-sectional studyhealth inequitiesnoncommunicable diseasestribal populationsMore Related Videos
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