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Maternal Opioids Downregulate Adiponectin Receptor Signaling and Alter Growth in Offspring: Pilot Study.

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Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
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Maternal opioid use disorder (OUD) may reduce adiponectin signaling in newborns, potentially leading to abnormal growth and cardiometabolic risks. This study found lower ADIPOR1 expression in opioid-exposed infants, suggesting altered metabolic programming.

Keywords:
adiponectinadipositybody compositiondevelopmental programmingfat massfat-free massneonatal abstinence syndromesex-specific effects

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Opioid use disorder (OUD) in adults is linked to cardiometabolic diseases via reduced adiponectin.
  • Maternal OUD during pregnancy may affect neonatal growth and predispose to adult-onset diseases.
  • The impact of maternal OUD on neonatal adiponectin levels remains unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of maternal OUD on neonatal adiponectin levels (primary outcome).
  • To examine the impact of maternal OUD on neonatal growth and body composition (secondary outcome).
  • To compare salivary adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) expression between opioid-exposed and non-exposed neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, observational pilot study comparing 35 opioid-exposed and 32 non-exposed neonates (≥34 weeks' gestation).
  • Measured salivary ADIPOR1 expression, anthropometrics, and body composition (fat and fat-free mass).
  • Data stratified by exposure and sex; analyzed using Student's t-test (p<0.05 significance).

Main Results:

  • Opioid-exposed neonates showed significantly reduced ADIPOR1 expression (0.27-fold, p<0.01), especially those on pharmacotherapy (0.048-fold, p<0.001).
  • Opioid-exposed neonates had smaller anthropometric measurements (2915g vs. 3209g, p=0.02) but comparable adiposity (8.60% vs. 8.53%, p=0.95).
  • Lower breast milk intake was observed in the opioid-exposed group (25.7% vs. 71.9%, p<0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal OUD is associated with reduced ADIPOR1 expression in neonates.
  • Aberrant growth and adiposity in offspring may be linked to maternal OUD via adiponectin signaling pathways.
  • Neonates exposed to maternal OUD may have an increased predisposition to cardiometabolic risks.