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European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - organised cancer screening programmes.

Esther Toes-Zoutendijk1, Marc Arbyn2, Anssi Auvinen3

  • 1Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Molecular Oncology
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The European Code Against Cancer (ECAC5) updated guidelines recommend organized cancer screening programs. These include fecal tests for colorectal, mammography for breast, HPV for cervical, and low-dose CT scans for lung cancer.

Keywords:
EuropeEuropean Code Against Cancerbreast cancercervical cancercolorectal cancerlung cancerorganised cancer screeningprostate

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • The European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) provides evidence-based recommendations for cancer prevention and control.
  • Organized screening programs are crucial for early cancer detection and improved patient outcomes.
  • The 5th edition (ECAC5) updates existing guidelines and introduces new recommendations based on the latest scientific evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the updated recommendations for organized cancer screening programs as per the 5th edition of the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC5).
  • To provide guidance on screening modalities, target populations, and recommended intervals for major cancer types.
  • To emphasize the integration of screening with other preventive measures like smoking cessation.

Main Methods:

  • The recommendations are based on a systematic review of current scientific literature and expert consensus.
  • Specific screening strategies are detailed for colorectal, breast, cervical, and lung cancers.
  • Age ranges, screening intervals, and alternative methods are defined for each cancer type.

Main Results:

  • Colorectal cancer screening: Biennial quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for ages 50-74, with endoscopy as an alternative.
  • Breast cancer screening: Biennial digital mammography for women aged 50-69, with considerations for younger/older ages and high-density cases.
  • Cervical cancer screening: HPV testing every 5+ years for women aged 30-65, adapting to vaccination and screening history.
  • Lung cancer screening: Annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for high-risk individuals, with biennial screening as an option and emphasis on smoking cessation.

Conclusions:

  • ECAC5 provides updated, actionable recommendations for organized cancer screening programs across Europe.
  • The guidelines emphasize tailored screening approaches based on cancer type, age, risk factors, and individual history.
  • Implementation of these organized screening programs is expected to enhance early detection rates and reduce cancer-related mortality.