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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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What is Cancer?02:12

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

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An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
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European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - cancer-causing infections and related interventions.

Catharina Johanna Alberts1,2, Paul Bloem3, Silvia de Sanjosé4

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service (GGD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Molecular Oncology
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Five main infections cause approximately 5% of European Union cancers, primarily stomach, cervix, and liver. Prevention through vaccination and early treatment significantly reduces cancer risk, but implementation requires public awareness and political will.

Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori(HBV and HIV)European Code Against Cancercancerhepatitis B virushepatitis C virushuman immunodeficiency virushuman papillomavirus

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Five key infections—Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—are significant causes of cancer in the European Union (EU).
  • In 2022, these infections were linked to about 5% of all EU cancers, predominantly affecting the stomach, cervix uteri, and liver.
  • The highest incidence of infection-attributable cancers was observed in the southern and eastern border regions of the EU.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the burden of infection-caused cancers in the EU.
  • To assess the progress and challenges in preventing these cancers through vaccination and treatment.
  • To present updated recommendations for cancer prevention based on the 5th edition of the European Code Against Cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cancer statistics and infection data within the EU.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and accessibility of interventions like prophylactic vaccines and treatments.
  • Synthesis of recommendations from the European Code Against Cancer guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Infections contribute substantially to cancer incidence in the EU, with significant regional variations.
  • Vaccines (HPV, HBV) and prompt treatment (HCV, H. pylori, HBV, HIV) are effective in preventing or managing infection-related cancers.
  • Despite available tools, slow implementation of vaccination and testing programs hinders progress.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer prevention strategies must prioritize vaccination against HPV and HBV and widespread testing and treatment for H. pylori, HCV, HBV, and HIV.
  • Increased public awareness, political commitment, and cost-effective protocols are essential for successful large-scale prevention programs.
  • Monitoring progress and combating disinformation are crucial for maximizing the impact of medical advancements in reducing cancer risk from infections.