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Medically Tailored Meals During Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Medically-tailored meals (MTMs) using a carbohydrate-restricted, high-fat diet were feasible and acceptable for head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. This approach may help preserve muscle and reduce fat loss during treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients frequently experience weight and muscle loss.
  • The role of macronutrient composition in managing HNC-related cachexia is understudied.
  • Radiotherapy (RT) exacerbates nutritional challenges in HNC patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and acceptability of home-delivered, medically-tailored meals (MTMs) featuring a carbohydrate-restricted, high-fat (CRHF) diet compared to a standard diet (SD).
  • To evaluate these diets in newly diagnosed HNC patients undergoing RT.
  • To inform future trial design by exploring changes in weight and body composition.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot randomized controlled trial with 13 HNC patients randomized to CRHF (n=6) or SD (n=7) groups.
  • Isocaloric MTMs delivered daily for two weeks pre-RT and during RT.
  • Feasibility assessed via recruitment, retention, adherence, and acceptability; exploratory body composition analysis.

Main Results:

  • Recruitment and retention rates were 65% and 69%, respectively.
  • High adherence to MTMs (92% CRHF, 96% SD) and participant satisfaction reported.
  • CRHF group showed preliminary patterns of greater muscle preservation and fat loss.
  • Higher adherence to either diet correlated with less weight loss during RT.

Conclusions:

  • Home-delivered MTMs, including a CRHF formulation, are feasible and acceptable for HNC patients during RT.
  • The "Food is Medicine" approach shows promise for nutritional support in HNC.
  • Further investigation in larger trials is warranted to confirm efficacy in managing weight and body composition.