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Related Concept Videos

Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

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The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
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Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not...
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The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

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In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Mechanically Robust and Highly Conductive Lignin-Derived Dual-Network Eutectic Electrolytes.

Yixue Chen1, Haotian Xie1, Qihang Fan1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nannin 530004, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new lignin-engineered quasi-solid electrolyte overcomes safety and conductivity limits using dual-dynamic networks. This flexible material enables high-performance energy storage and strain sensing in extreme conditions.

Keywords:
double-cross-linked geleutectic quasi-solid electrolytesflexible Sensorsflexible supercapacitorslignin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Conventional eutectic quasi-solid electrolytes (EQSEs) face a mechanical-conductivity trade-off, limiting their practical use.
  • Developing safe, sustainable electrolytes with enhanced performance is crucial for advanced energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a lignin-based double-cross-linked quasi-solid electrolyte (EQSE) that overcomes the mechanical-conductivity limitations.
  • To achieve high ionic conductivity, mechanical robustness, and multifunctional capabilities for energy storage and sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a dual-dynamic network electrolyte using polyacrylamide/poly(acrylic acid) (PAM/PAA) and Fe3+-coordinated cross-links with hydrogen bonding.
  • Characterization of ionic conductivity, mechanical properties (ductility), and electrochemical performance in flexible supercapacitors.
  • Evaluation of low-temperature performance, cycling stability, and strain-sensing capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The lignin-engineered electrolyte (DES-LN-Fe3+) achieved high ionic conductivity (0.031 S cm-1 at 25 °C) and exceptional ductility (851% strain).
  • Flexible supercapacitors demonstrated high specific capacitance (310.6 F g-1), excellent low-temperature resilience (45.8% retention at -40 °C), and stable cycling (95.7% after 10,000 cycles).
  • The electrolyte functioned as a high-sensitivity strain sensor with a gauge factor of 3.183.

Conclusions:

  • A novel dual-cross-linking strategy effectively resolves the mechanical-conductivity trade-off in quasi-solid electrolytes.
  • The developed multifunctional electrolyte is suitable for integrated energy storage and sensing in demanding environments.
  • This work presents a promising paradigm for designing advanced quasi-solid electrolytes.