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Optimizing fixed-time laparoscopic artificial insemination in the jaguar.

Lindsey Marie Vansandt1, Cristina Harumi Adania2, Priscila Rocha Yanai2

  • 1Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Reproduction & Fertility
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimized hormone treatments using altrenogest and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)/porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) successfully synchronized ovarian cycles in jaguars. This breakthrough led to the first live jaguar cub born from artificial insemination (AI), aiding conservation efforts.

Keywords:
altrenogestartificial inseminationassisted reproductive technologiesequine chorionic gonadotropinporcine luteinizing hormone

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Jaguars face extinction due to habitat loss and poaching.
  • Limited breeding success in captivity necessitates advanced reproductive technologies.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are crucial for ex situ conservation programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize ovarian synchronization and artificial insemination (AI) protocols for jaguars.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of altrenogest, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), and porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) for jaguar reproductive management.
  • To assess fertility outcomes following laparoscopic AI in jaguars.

Main Methods:

  • Hormonal treatments with altrenogest were administered to assess ovarian suppression.
  • Regimens involving eCG and pLH were tested to induce follicular development and ovulation.
  • Laparoscopic artificial insemination was performed, and pregnancy outcomes were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Altrenogest at tested doses did not consistently suppress ovarian activity.
  • Initial eCG/pLH protocols resulted in low ovulation rates and no pregnancies.
  • An adjusted protocol (higher pLH dose and extended withdrawal period) in Experiment 3 led to multiple ovulations in all females.
  • One female conceived and delivered a live cub via AI, marking a significant achievement.

Conclusions:

  • Altrenogest and adjusted eCG/pLH protocols are effective for ovarian synchronization in jaguars.
  • Artificial insemination, utilizing these optimized hormonal regimens, can successfully produce offspring in jaguars.
  • This breakthrough offers a promising tool for the population management and conservation of this endangered felid.