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[Current approaches for vitamins and minerals tolerable intake levels substantiation]
E A Martinchik1, O A Vrzhesinskaya1, N V Zhilinskaya1
1Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Voprosy Pitaniia
|January 16, 2026
Summary
Updating safe intake levels for vitamins and minerals is crucial for effective food fortification and supplements. This study reviews risk assessment methods to establish updated tolerable intake levels (ULs) for essential micronutrients in Russia.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
- Risk Assessment
Background:
- Growing interest in food fortification and specialized nutrition (SN) necessitates updated upper tolerable intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals.
- Current ULs in the Russian Federation have not been updated for over 17 years, complicating safe intake level determination for fortified foods and dietary supplements (DS).
- Establishing micronutrient tolerance limits is vital for preventing deficiencies without causing excessive intake at population and individual levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and summarize current approaches to substantiating safe micronutrient intake levels.
- To evaluate health risk and safety assessment methodologies for vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds.
- To identify specific micronutrients requiring UL updates in the Russian Federation.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a literature search in Russian and English using PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) online platform.
- Reviewed scientific and regulatory sources concerning safe intake levels for micronutrients and bioactive compounds.
- Described the four-step risk assessment process for establishing ULs based on potential adverse health effects.
Main Results:
- Current approaches to determining safe micronutrient intake levels are based on risk assessment.
- The four-step risk assessment process for establishing ULs involves a comprehensive evaluation of potential adverse health effects.
- Identified a need to update ULs for Vitamin A (retinol), carotenoids, Vitamin B9 (folates), Vitamins D and C, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Iodine, and Iron.
Conclusions:
- Actualized data based on the latest scientific information is essential for substantiating consumption levels and standardizing micronutrient content in food.
- Updating ULs is necessary for ensuring the effectiveness of disease prevention through fortified foods, SN, and DS.
- An action plan is recommended to update existing Russian ULs for DS and SN for the adult population, particularly for Vitamin A, carotenoids, Vitamin B9, Vitamins D and C, Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Iodine, and Iron.
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