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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Descriptor-Inspired Oligomer Additives Enabling Long-Life Zinc Metal Batteries.

Qingyuan Wang1, Xin He2, Yumeng Liu1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New electrolyte additives, oligochitosan (OCS), stabilize zinc metal batteries by optimizing interfacial adsorption and preventing dendrite growth. This leads to exceptional Coulombic efficiency and ultralong battery stability.

Keywords:
Dual‐descriptorInterface adsorptionOligomer moleculeOrganic additiveZinc metal batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Zinc metal batteries face challenges from interfacial dendrite growth and parasitic reactions.
  • Current electrolyte additives often fail to adequately stabilize the zinc-metal interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel electrolyte additives for enhanced zinc metal battery stability.
  • To establish a design strategy for electrolyte additives based on interfacial adsorption dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated interfacial adsorption using a dual-descriptor design strategy beyond the Langmuir model.
  • Introduced tailored oligomers, specifically oligochitosan (OCS), as new electrolyte additives.
  • Evaluated battery performance in Zn||Cu, Zn||V6O13 full cells, and pouch cells.

Main Results:

  • Oligochitosan (OCS) optimized desolvation-diffusion, promoted larger zinc grain stacking, and inhibited hydrogen evolution.
  • Achieved high Coulombic efficiency (>99.5% for Zn||Cu) and ultralong stability (>4,400 h at 1 mAh cm⁻²).
  • Demonstrated excellent performance in full cells (130.8 mAh g⁻¹ after 5,000 cycles) and pouch cells (91% capacity retention over 100 cycles).

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a universal framework linking molecular architecture to adsorption and interfacial dynamics.
  • Tailored oligomers offer a promising new class of electrolyte additives for advanced zinc metal batteries.
  • The findings provide critical insights for designing next-generation electrolyte additives for improved battery performance.