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Elevated Blood Pressure in Newborns From Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy During the Immediate Postnatal Period

Colman I Freel1,2, Audrey E Bavari2, Teri J Mauch3

  • 1Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
|January 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are linked to higher newborn blood pressure and heart rate variability. These findings suggest early cardiovascular changes at birth, supporting the developmental origins of health and disease theory.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 22% of pregnancies.
  • Offspring of mothers with HDP have increased risks for future cardiovascular disease, including elevated blood pressure in childhood.
  • Primary vascular endothelial cells from HDP pregnancies show in vitro dysfunction, suggesting impaired long-term vascular function and supporting the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if cardiovascular function changes associated with HDP are detectable in the immediate postnatal period.
  • To investigate the association between HDP and newborn heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) at birth.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1655 maternal-infant dyads.
  • Utilized inverse probability weighted regression adjustment to assess associations between HDP and newborn cardiovascular parameters.
  • Compared outcomes for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) against normotension (NT).

Main Results:

  • Gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) were associated with significantly higher newborn mean arterial and diastolic blood pressure compared to normotension (NT).
  • GH was also linked to increased newborn systolic blood pressure and greater variability in newborn heart rate and diastolic blood pressure.
  • These findings indicate subtle, measurable cardiovascular alterations present at birth in infants exposed to HDP.

Conclusions:

  • Subtle but measurable newborn cardiovascular alterations associated with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are present at birth.
  • These early alterations provide temporal insight into the developmental origins of health and disease in HDP.
  • The findings may reflect underlying vascular dysfunction originating during fetal development.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasedevelopmental programminghypertensive disorders of pregnancynewborn healthpregnancy

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