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Bionic Structured Milli-fluidics: A Review.

Mingzhu Xie1, Zicheng Qian1, Xiaolong Wang1

  • 1School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.

Chemical Reviews
|January 16, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bionic structured milli-fluidics leverages bioinspired designs and external stimuli for advanced droplet manipulation. This review explores passive and active strategies, discussing challenges and future directions in this interdisciplinary field.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluidics
  • Biomimetics
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Milli-fluidics is an emerging interdisciplinary field with applications in biomedical detection, material synthesis, and water collection.
  • Bioinspired structures from natural surfaces like Araucaria leaves and cactus are used for droplet manipulation.
  • Wetting gradient surfaces and external stimuli (light, thermal, electric, magnetic, acoustic) enhance milli-fluidic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review passive methods (bioinspired structures) and active strategies (external fields) in bionic structured milli-fluidics.
  • To discuss the relationships between Laplace pressure, wettability gradients, and milli-fluidics.
  • To examine the advantages and disadvantages of various external stimuli and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of passive methods including bioinspired structures mimicking natural surfaces.
  • Analysis of active strategies utilizing external stimuli like light, thermal, electric, magnetic, and acoustic fields.
  • Discussion of the interplay between Laplace pressure, wettability gradients, and milli-fluidic phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Bionic structures and external stimuli offer effective means for droplet manipulation and enhanced milli-fluidic performance.
  • Understanding Laplace pressure and wettability gradients is crucial for optimizing milli-fluidic systems.
  • Different external stimuli present unique advantages and disadvantages for practical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Bionic structured milli-fluidics holds significant potential across diverse scientific and technological domains.
  • Addressing current obstacles and exploring emerging trends will drive future advancements in the field.
  • This review provides guidance for future research by highlighting key issues and future directions.