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Bidirectional Intimate Partner Violence Among Service Members and Veterans: A Scoping Review.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV) is common among U.S. Service Members and Veterans, with rates varying by subtype and military status. Consistent measurement is needed for accurate data collection on this public health issue.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Military Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern, particularly prevalent among U.S. Service Members and Veterans.
  • IPV is frequently viewed as unidirectional, yet substantial evidence indicates most IPV is bidirectional, involving both partners' use and experience of violence.
  • Understanding bidirectional IPV is crucial for developing effective interventions and support systems within military and veteran communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the existing literature on bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV) specifically within U.S. Service Members and Veterans.
  • To assess the current state of research, identify common methodologies, and highlight gaps in the literature regarding bidirectional IPV in this population.
  • To synthesize findings on the prevalence and characteristics of bidirectional IPV among Service Members and Veterans.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across multiple databases including MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving U.S. Service Members or Veterans (age >18), measuring IPV perpetration and victimization concurrently, and reporting bidirectional IPV.
  • Data from 21 studies were analyzed, examining reported rates of overall and subtype-specific bidirectional IPV.

Main Results:

  • Overall bidirectional IPV rates ranged from 25% to 66.9% across studies, with significant variation by IPV subtype (e.g., 1.5% for sexual IPV to 94% for psychological IPV).
  • Veterans exhibited higher rates of overall bidirectional IPV (28.4%-66.9%) compared to Service Members (25%).
  • A notable inconsistency was observed in the measurement and operationalization of bidirectional IPV across studies, and no study included data from both Service Members and Veterans concurrently.

Conclusions:

  • Bidirectional IPV is a prevalent issue among both U.S. Service Members and Veterans, underscoring the need to move beyond unidirectional models.
  • Significant heterogeneity in measurement approaches complicates direct comparisons and highlights a critical gap in standardized data collection.
  • Future research should prioritize studies that collect data from both Service Members and Veterans within the same study and employ consistent methodologies for measuring and operationalizing bidirectional IPV.