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Opportunities and Challenges in Precision Neurotherapeutics
Lilianne R Mujica-Parodi1,2, Dost Öngür3, R Mark Richardson4
1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA;
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|January 16, 2026
Summary
Precision neurotherapeutics tailors treatments for neurological disorders using individual patient data. This personalized approach enhances treatment efficacy by moving beyond one-size-fits-all methods.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Traditional treatments for neurological, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders have limited response rates (30-60%).
- A paradigm shift towards precision neurotherapeutics is needed, leveraging patient-specific biological, behavioral, and physiological data.
- Individual differences in genetics, brain structure/function, and treatment response necessitate personalized strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in precision neurotherapeutics across pharmaceutical, neuromodulation, and biomarker domains.
- To highlight the potential of personalized interventions for neurological and psychiatric conditions.
- To identify challenges and opportunities in developing mechanistically informed biomarkers for personalized mental health care.
Main Methods:
- Review of pharmaceutical approaches: fragment-based drug discovery, pharmacokinetic modeling, quantitative systems pharmacology.
- Examination of neuromodulation technologies: evolution from open-loop to adaptive closed-loop systems with real-time biomarker feedback.
- Analysis of biomarker development: neuroimaging, pharmacogenomics, digital health applications.
Main Results:
- Advances in pharmaceutical strategies offer more targeted drug discovery and modeling.
- Neuromodulation is evolving towards adaptive, real-time feedback systems for enhanced efficacy.
- Biomarker development integrates diverse data sources for a comprehensive patient profile.
Conclusions:
- Precision neurotherapeutics offers a transformative approach to treating complex brain disorders.
- Integration of AI, computational modeling, and regulatory shifts facilitates personalized mental health care.
- Mechanistically informed biomarkers are crucial for guiding individualized treatment strategies.
Keywords:
central nervous systemmedical deviceneuroimagingneuromodulatoryneurotransmitterpharmaceutical
