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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Mindfulness Training in Youth With ADHD + Comorbid Learning Disability Maintains Medial Frontal Cortex Function

Maxwell Seward1,2, Karen Milligan3, Annabel Sibalis3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
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Summary

Mindfulness martial arts training helped youth with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) maintain brain activity crucial for cognitive control. This intervention may prevent declines in inhibitory neural responses during adolescence.

Keywords:
EEGERPN2P3attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderinhibitory controllearning disabilitymedial frontal cortexmindfulness

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often comorbid with learning disabilities.
  • Cognitive control deficits are a hallmark of ADHD, impacting inhibitory functions.
  • Adolescence is a critical period for neurodevelopment and the maturation of cognitive control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of cognitive control in adolescents with ADHD and comorbid learning disabilities.
  • To examine the effects of a 20-week mindfulness martial arts intervention on inhibitory neural activity.
  • To compare changes in event-related potentials (ERPs) between an intervention group and a waitlist control group.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity before and after the intervention.
  • A blocked Go/NoGo task assessed response inhibition.
  • Peak amplitudes of the NoGo N2 and P3 ERP components were measured.

Main Results:

  • A significant group by time interaction was observed for NoGo N2 amplitudes.
  • Waitlist control participants showed attenuated N2 amplitudes over time, indicating reduced inhibitory activity.
  • The mindfulness martial arts intervention group maintained stable medial frontal activity during response inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Mindfulness martial arts participation may buffer against age-related reductions in N2 activity in adolescents with ADHD.
  • The intervention appears to support the maintenance of neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control.
  • Findings suggest a potential non-pharmacological approach for enhancing inhibitory control in youth with ADHD.