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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy practice
  • Health informatics
  • Healthcare management

Background:

  • Unit-dose dispensing systems (UDDS) are crucial for digital transformation in hospital pharmacies, enhancing medication management, efficiency, and patient safety.
  • Lack of standardized metrics for workforce planning and cost assessment hinders UDDS adoption and resource optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish benchmarks for staffing requirements and costs associated with UDDS implementation and operation.
  • Provide data-driven guidance for optimizing resource allocation and workforce management in hospital pharmacy settings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from a 1,800-bed tertiary care hospital with 1,680 UDDS beds (2021-2024).
  • Evaluation of key performance metrics including task-specific work times, machine utilization, and productivity (blistered tablet output, blister bag production per FTE).

Main Results:

  • A staffing benchmark of 0.45 FTE per 100 UDDS beds was identified.
  • Significant improvements in workforce efficiency were observed, with FTE per 1 million blistered tablets decreasing from 3.2 to 1.7.
  • Cost per blister bag decreased from €0.55 to €0.22, production tripled, and a gold standard of 1 FTE per 10,000 cases was established.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides practical benchmarks for enhancing UDDS productivity, resource allocation, and workforce management.
  • These benchmarks offer a framework for continuous improvement in hospital pharmacy operations and support evidence-based decision-making.
  • Established UDDS benchmarks promote cost-efficient operations and serve as indicators of patient safety and clinical quality.