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Adhesion

Adhesion

Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...

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Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy

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Published on: April 4, 2013

Print, pattern, stick: low-cost gecko-inspired adhesives using embedded diffraction structures.

Motaz Hassan¹, Oluwafemi Fayomi¹, Joshua Faust¹

¹The Autonomous Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States of America.

Bioinspiration & Biomimetics

|January 16, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-cost 3D printing method for gecko-inspired adhesives. The new technique creates strong, tunable, and reversible hierarchical elastomeric adhesives, significantly reducing fabrication costs.

Keywords:

additive manufacturing anisotropic adhesion contact splitting gecko-inspired adhesives optical diffraction gratings scalable fabrication

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomimetics
Adhesion Science

Background:

Gecko-inspired adhesives offer strong, reversible, and tunable adhesion.
Current fabrication methods often rely on expensive and inaccessible cleanroom lithography or proprietary molds, limiting scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-cost, modular fabrication strategy for hierarchical elastomeric adhesives inspired by gecko feet.
To create adhesives with macroscale micropillars and sub-micron surface topography using accessible techniques.

Main Methods:

Combined high-resolution digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing with 1,000 lines/mm optical diffraction gratings.
Fabricated hierarchical elastomeric adhesives with macroscale micropillars and embedded sub-micron surface topography.
Performed mechanical testing, including shear and peel tests, and a comparative cost analysis.

Main Results:

Achieved effective contact splitting without advanced microfabrication.
Demonstrated nonlinear increase in shear performance with contact area, reaching over 80 N.
Observed anisotropic adhesion with a peak peel strength of 21.94 N at a 30° peel angle.
Reported a 10-100x reduction in fabrication cost compared to traditional methods.

Conclusions:

The developed DLP 3D printing strategy offers a practical, scalable, and cost-effective pathway for producing bio-inspired adhesives.
The method enables reproducible microstructure transfer, optical validation, and application-specific tunability.
This approach has potential applications in robotics, wall-climbing systems, and soft interfaces.