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Summary

Collective memory in schooling fish emerges from a noisy bifurcation, not bistability. This finding clarifies how fish group dynamics transition between milling and schooling patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Collective behavior
  • Mathematical biology
  • Theoretical ecology

Background:

  • Schooling fish exhibit complex collective patterns like milling and schooling, driven by local interactions.
  • Existing models suggest collective memory in fish groups, but its underlying mechanisms are unclear.
  • Understanding collective memory is crucial for explaining phase transitions in schooling dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving collective memory in a prevalent fish schooling model.
  • To investigate the transition dynamics between milling and schooling collective states.
  • To develop a phenomenological model capturing key group dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of fish schooling behavior.
  • Application of bifurcation theory to analyze state transitions.
  • Development and validation of a phenomenological model for group polarization.

Main Results:

  • The transition from milling to schooling is characterized by a noisy transcritical bifurcation.
  • Collective memory and transient milling dynamics are linked to this bifurcation.
  • A phenomenological model successfully captures essential group dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Collective memory in fish schooling arises from a noisy bifurcation, resolving ambiguity about its origins.
  • This study provides fundamental insights into collective phase transitions in biological systems.
  • The findings advance our understanding of decentralized systems and emergent group behavior.