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Metabolic and body composition alterations in normal-weight adults with prediabetes: A DEXA-based analysis
Sami Bahçebaşı1, Banu Açmaz1, Ahmet Savranlar2
1Internal Medicine Department, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Türkiye.
Summary
Prediabetes in normal-weight women is linked to central fat accumulation, indicated by the android/gynoid fat ratio. In men, impaired kidney function and trunk fat are associated with prediabetes, highlighting the need for body composition screening.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Health
- Body Composition Analysis
Background:
- Investigating differences between healthy and prediabetic normal-weight individuals (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m²).
- Focusing on central fat distribution and its metabolic implications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze clinical, biochemical, and body composition variations in normal-weight prediabetic versus healthy individuals.
- To determine the predictive value of body fat distribution for prediabetes in normal-weight adults.
Main Methods:
- Sixty participants (30 prediabetic, 30 healthy) were recruited.
- Clinical evaluations and body composition analysis using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) were performed.
Main Results:
- In women, the android-to-gynoid fat ratio independently predicted prediabetes (p=0.014).
- In men, reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and elevated creatinine indicated impaired kidney function (p=0.008, p=0.019).
- Central fat distribution, particularly trunk fat, correlated with fasting glucose, though this lost significance after age adjustment.
Conclusions:
- Prediabetes in normal-weight women is associated with central obesity (elevated android/gynoid fat ratio) and impaired glucose metabolism.
- In men, central fat distribution is linked to glucose metabolism, but age may modulate this association. Early renal dysfunction (reduced eGFR) is observed.
- Body composition screening using DEXA-derived fat ratios can identify high-risk normal-weight individuals for preventive interventions.
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