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Related Concept Videos

Overview of DNA Repair02:25

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Author Spotlight: Combining Proximity Ligand Assay with Gamma-H2AX Staining to Characterize Protein Interactions in DNA Damage Response
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Author Spotlight: Combining Proximity Ligand Assay with Gamma-H2AX Staining to Characterize Protein Interactions in DNA Damage Response

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Epigenetic consequences of DNA damage.

Tanya T Paull1, Patricia L Opresko2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Molecular Cell
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA damage can create lasting epigenetic changes, influencing gene expression and cellular identity. These "epigenetic scars" expand our understanding of genome stability and inheritance.

Keywords:
8oxoGDNA damagePARPR-loopsepigeneticstelomeres

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genome regulation involves DNA sequence and epigenetic mechanisms like DNA and histone modifications.
  • DNA damage can induce heritable changes in transcriptional states, expanding the scope of epigenetics.
  • Epigenetic inheritance traditionally focuses on DNA methylation and histone modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how various DNA damage processes intersect with the epigenome.
  • To highlight the role of DNA damage and repair in transcriptional regulation and epigenetic inheritance.
  • To explore the impact of DNA lesions on chromatin structure, cellular identity, aging, and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on DNA damage and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of oxidative lesions, R-loops, telomeric damage, DNA double-strand breaks, and poly-ADP-ribosylation.
  • Examination of the interplay between DNA damage, repair, and epigenetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Oxidative DNA damage and repair significantly influence transcriptional regulation.
  • R-loops impact gene expression and DNA methylation dynamics.
  • Telomere-associated damage affects chromatin organization and genome maintenance.
  • DNA lesions can leave persistent epigenetic marks, termed "epigenetic scars".

Conclusions:

  • DNA damage-associated processes are critical regulators of the epigenome.
  • Epigenetic scars from DNA damage influence cellular identity, aging, and disease.
  • This expands the understanding of epigenetic inheritance and genome stability.