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Carbon-efficient microbial protein production via continuous co-cultivation of methane- and hydrogen-oxidizing

Luis D Allegue1, Federica Farabegoli2, Leticia Regueiro3

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Co-cultivating methane and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria enhances microbial protein production. This process recycles carbon dioxide, significantly improving carbon-use efficiency for sustainable protein generation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbial biotechnology
  • Biochemical engineering
  • Sustainable protein production

Background:

  • Microbial protein offers a resource-efficient alternative to conventional protein sources.
  • Gas-fed microbial systems utilize C1 substrates like methane and hydrogen, bypassing land and feedstock limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if co-cultivating methane- and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria enhances carbon retention through in situ carbon dioxide (CO2) reuse.
  • To assess the feasibility of a continuous gas-fed microbial protein production system.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of a compatible bacterial pair: Methylomonas koyamae and Cupriavidus necator.
  • Operation of a continuous airlift reactor in four phases with a decreasing external CO2 supply.
  • Monitoring of biomass yield, protein content, carbon-use efficiency, and CO2 off-gas levels.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a biomass yield of 2.1 ± 0.5 g/L with protein content of 50-65% (dry weight).
  • Reduced off-gas CO2 to near-zero levels, increasing carbon-use efficiency from 47% to 91%.
  • Maintained stable amino acid composition and digestibility; sensory evaluation indicated improved biomass quality.

Conclusions:

  • Co-cultivation of specific methane- and hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria enables efficient in situ CO2 recycling.
  • The developed process demonstrates high-quality microbial protein production with significantly enhanced carbon-use efficiency.
  • This approach presents a sustainable method for producing microbial protein from gaseous substrates.